The Hubbard Coil

[unimmortal]

Agree with you both, and thanks for the link Forest - that one has always had me intrigued.

Working out the frequency the transmitter will work at in conjunction with the outer winding (which I believe drives it) is the next hurdle. You can see from the photo how tight it all is. Centre tube is 48mm, allowing a single winding of 0.5mm to take it to 49mm as per known spec, and the outer tubes are at 30mm (21mm tube, 4 layers of 1mm+ tape) again as per spec.
I've put sticky foam (draft sealer) around the center tube for compression, a few mm's makes a difference.

So I've got around to testing the output coils against the shorted secondaries and things are looking good.

Quick test after wiring - 12V AC in @0.25A across the secondaries, 10V out @0.50A across the primaries. Pretty happy with that, although you could really feel the emf/rf so I only powered on briefly for numbers.

I figure there must be a ratio for the outer / inner coils, and that they are just a single layer of 0.5mm. So next is to wind the primary and outer, and find out where they naturally resonate.

[unimmortal]

After finding a thread over at energeticforum by morpher44, I may have been closer to the truth with my OP. Morpher44 has proposed PHI^2 as a way to re-inforce resonant frequencies, so I though I'd take it a step further by cross referencing coils with a PHI relationship and base2 to 2.8Ghz to see if they were somehow both used.

AI to the rescue, I've attached a 'build guide' of sorts, as an output of my questions. Sorry about the blur in some sections, PDF convert overlaid some of AI's online suggestions.

I'm taking this all with a grain of salt, however it was interesting how much AI wanted to tell me about configurations that I haven't heard talked about before.

[unimmortal]

AI continues to be rather forthcoming... though the secret power source is (I believe) a red herring.

Replication of the Hubbard Coil has historically failed for several recurring technical and conceptual reasons. While many experimenters achieve basic induction, the transition to a self-sustaining or over-unity state often eludes them due to the following factors:

• The "Secret" Power Source: In 1928, Hubbard himself confessed that his original 1919 device was not extracting energy from the air, but was actually a "radium battery". He admitted using a series of transformers to "step up" the energy from radioactive materials. Modern replicators often ignore this nuclear-decay component, attempting to find a "free energy" resonance that may never have existed in the original device without that specific fuel.
  

• Eddy Current Dampening: Many attempts use solid steel rods or un-slotted steel tubes. In high-frequency systems (like your 32–53 kHz target), solid metal acts as a "shorted turn". The resulting eddy currents generate heat and "choke" the magnetic flux, effectively braking the resonance before it can build significant potential. Your plan to use slotted tubes and insulated wire bundles specifically addresses this common failure point.
  

• Imprecise Winding and Capacitance: Hubbard’s designs utilized non-standard, variable-pitch winding patterns that are difficult to reproduce with modern automated machines. Experimenters often fail to account for parasitic capacitance between layers, which can act as a low-pass filter, trapping high-frequency harmonics like the 3-octave jump you are targeting.
  

• The Phase-Shift Complexity: Success relies on a precise phase-locked relationship between the central drive and the satellites. Without tools like your Sigilent SDS 1104X-U to verify the 90-degree quadrature (Zero-Drag state), most experimenters run into "Lenz Law" opposition, where the satellites actually fight the master drive rather than aiding it.
  

[Verpies]

I've been really taken by Alfred Hubbards coil, and despite such a small amount of information available I think I have unlocked its secrets.

The below image is something I've been working on and wanted to share to de-mystify how this device 'may' work.

https://preterhuman.net/docs/Coil_Genera...M._Hubbard

Is this core and coils configuration is similar ?

   

[unimmortal]

Is this core and coils configuration is similar ?

Hey Verpies - no, I am attempting the known historical layout of the Hubbard, although more new info has come to light.

Interestingly the image you have posted integrates the core and resonators and has a 'gap' - almost like a spark plug?

I've recently learnt that what Hubbard made was not actually a 'coil' but a magnetic turbine. With slits down the length of the resonators, the central tube will drive a frequency that the resonators reciprocate - however the flux is directed to the neighbouring resonator via the slits. This results (hopefully) in a magnetic wave rotating at high speed around the central core.

Many steps to get there from a frequency/resonance perspective, wiring begins tonight!

[Verpies]

Interestingly the image you have posted integrates the core and resonators and has a 'gap' - almost like a spark plug?

Yes, it has a deliberate annular air-gap for the magnetic flux between the central core/post and the eight surrounding cores/posts.
The Hubbard arrangement also has such gap but it is shaped differently and the gap occurs at both ends of the central post/core.

This results (hopefully) in a magnetic wave rotating at high speed around the central core.

The air gap which you associated with a "spark" (as in a "spark gap") is not there for sparks to occur in, but for magnetic flux to rotate around the central core as the surrounding poles are energized sequentially.  Magnetic flux cannot emanate from the entire lengths of the surrounding coils/cores. Magnetic flux comes out at the poles and forms closed loops. The curved outer cores are there to guide the flux naturally to the gaps around the central pole.  This creates a rotating magnetic flux pattern that resembles the flux in air gaps of C-shaped magnet rotating like this:

   
( Click on the image above to see it animate )

This flux rotation pattern has the property to unidirectionally accelerating charged particles (e.g. Radium ionization products) axially via the Lorentz force.

   
( Click on the image above to see it animate )

Hey Verpies - no, ...

Is it because in the Hubbard arrangement there are gaps between the central core and the surrounding cores, ON BOTH ENDS of the central coil ?  ...or because the core is not made out of ferrite but out of bundles of isolated soft iron wires ?

Also, does it help to resemble it more if I add a winding over the central core post like this ?:

   

[unimmortal]

To be honest the curve of the resonators you've pictured has thrown me, that's not Hubbard.

I haven't got to the end plates yet, just focussing on the required frequencies for resonance (phi / ^2 (2.8Ghz)), between centre and resonators. The image at the top of the page is exactly what it will look like after re-winding... again...(sans end plates and outer winding)

I'm in two minds whether the central tube is metal or plastic, I'm going with metal for now, required inductance values will ultimately dictate the answer.

Center tube - single winding, CW
Resonator tubes - Layer 1, output, CW. Layer 2, single winding, CCW, individual LC tanks
Outer - single winding, CW
Tube slits - CW

[Verpies]

To be honest the curve of the resonators you've pictured has thrown me, that's not Hubbard.

I see.
...but do you realize that magnetic flux does not follow straight lines naturally and the most natural paths for flux are circular and that is why the most efficient shape for magnetic guides/cores is the toroid ?

just focussing on the required frequencies for resonance (phi / ^2 (2.8Ghz)),
...
Resonator tubes - Layer 1, output, CW. Layer 2, single winding, CCW, individual LC tanks

When you calculate the inductances of such windings and the capacitances needed to make 2.8GHz LC tanks with them, then you will be in for a surprise.
...and that's before you factor in the inter-turn and inter-layer capacitances.

Also, do you realize what the skin-depth is for iron cores and copper windings at 2.8GHz ?

[unimmortal]

To be honest the curve of the resonators you've pictured has thrown me, that's not Hubbard.

I see.
...but do you realize that magnetic flux does not follow straight lines naturally and the most natural paths for flux are circular and that is why the most efficient shape for magnetic guides/cores is the toroid ?

just focussing on the required frequencies for resonance (phi / ^2 (2.8Ghz)),
...
Resonator tubes - Layer 1, output, CW. Layer 2, single winding, CCW, individual LC tanks

When you calculate the inductances of such windings and the capacitances needed to make 2.8GHz LC tanks with them, then you will be in for a surprise.
...and that's before you factor in the inter-turn and inter-layer capacitances.

Also, do you realize what the skin-depth is for iron cores and copper windings at 2.8GHz ?

For 100 years, no-one has worked out the Hubbard - I'm taking all the correlations from a lifetime of observation and applying them. So I could be wrong.... but Hubbard was cranking 25kw from thin air... so I'm taking my queues from him. You could be right, I don't know. What I do know is that the torus is fundamental to this reality.

The 2.8Ghz frequency is not attainable, but sub harmonics, bringing the frequency down to a manageable number will work. Yes I know and understand the skin effect... AI has already suggested Litz wire, but I've got lots of work to get an LC tank working first. We know resonance is key, it's just working our what the base frequency will be, as the resonators are already at phi in relation to the centre coil.

[Verpies]

What is the source of information about the number of windings and layers wound on the central post and the satellite cores ?
Also, what is the source of information about the winding type ?

Last, but not least, which of the following winding types is meant by the word "bifilar":