The Hubbard Coil

[Verpies]

Since you have not responded for a week you must think my arguments too theoretical without experimental support in practice.
So below, I am attaching my empirical data about frequency response of a piece of coiled solid copper wire in red PVC insulation:

   
VNA calibration fixture

   
Coreless coil

   
Transmission plot of the coreless coil

   
Coil with a ferrite core (non-conductive)

   
Transmission plot of the cored coil

[annomally]

Hello,
this is how I would put together my view of Mr. Hubbard's device from information from various sources.

On this website  https://gratisenergi.se/hubbard.htm  they write, „ Alfred Hubbard. At Portage Bay on Lake Union, Seattle, Washington in America, Alfred Hubbard, an acquaintance of Nikola Tesla, demonstrated in 1919 a self-powered electricity generator design.  „

An open magnetic circuit (huge magnetic leakage losses) and excitation with up to 11.25kVDC pulses would indicate that it was not "classical induction" (like may be a Figuera or Coutier or other 50/60Hz machines), but rather something else, more Tesla work. In my opinion.

T. Bearden claimed that MEG did not work on the "standard induction principle", the entire magnetic flux of the permanent magnet was to be enclosed in the core, this effect was to expose the "A field" around the device, and steep pulses were to allow the "A field energy" to be drawn directly into the secondary circuit through the secondary winding in the form of usable energy. ,,, kind of like that,

Hubbard may have known Tesla's work firsthand.?

At that time, pure iron was the common material used for cores, a solid rod, one that was not magnetized alternatingly. Multiple wires of pure iron inside a central core means lamination, that is, an alternating current core.

Interestingly, Hubbard apparently modulated high-frequency pulses, with which he induced a high current in the secondary "on a lower frequency carrier wave" when he powered the motor?

The 8 pole switch could switch 8 satellites = primaries sequentially or simultaneously, the 4 wires inside would indicate that simultaneously, thus it could increase the frequency of the excitation pulses 8 times. Perhaps it created a rotating or pulsating magnetic field with specific parameters that drew energy into the secondary line?

Various patents use PM or some other method of "pre-magnetizing" the excitation cores, perhaps the package with a coil of weak wire most likely powered by low DC was supposed to excite the exciters into the B-H region of fast response to the main excitation pulse?

If Hubbard powered a motor with an output of about 25 kW with his "coil", the cross-sections of the winding wire had to correspond to the current load.

[Verpies]

Multiple wires of pure iron inside a central core means lamination, that is, an alternating current core.

...or PDC flowing in the winding.

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...the 4 wires inside would indicate that simultaneously,

"4 cables" do not necessarily mean "4 wires".

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The 8 pole switch could switch 8 satellites = primaries sequentially or simultaneously, the 4 wires inside would indicate that simultaneously, thus it could increase the frequency of the excitation pulses 8 times.

What would the maximum achievable frequency of these excitation pulses be in 1919 ?

Perhaps it created a rotating or pulsating magnetic field with specific parameters...

So you think that the purpose of all these coils was to generate a specific magnetic field ? If "yes", where does this field perform its magic ? In the air-gaps or inside the iron cores of these coils ?

Draw the geometry of this field and define the polarity and excitation sequence of all driven windings.

[unimmortal]

Hey Verpies - absolutely not, we both know who has more technical, scientific and experimental knowledge... me re-rolling the primaries onto plastic tube as a result of your commentary should attest to that.

@annomally - this device sure does get the mind thinking.

...................................................................

Ok, I've broken the device down into coil interaction pairs in order to more clearly see this for what it is.

Normalisation, as this could get confusing:

• Centre tube, centre coil
  
• Transformers, 8 surrounding the centre coil, each wired with a primary and a secondary
  
• Outer coil, is wrapped around all 8 transformers
  

...................................................................

1. Step-up Transformer

The primary is the output coil which is the secondary tranformer winding
The secondary is the outer coil
The load for this transformer is the centre coil.

2. Ignition Coil

The primary is the outer coil (Low Voltage, Low Resistance)
The secondary is the centre coil (High Voltage, High Resistance)
Counterwound coils form a 'boundary' between low and high resistance.
With a short pulse, the high resistance centre coil will I hope 'ring' at the wavelength of the coil (RF); with high voltage coming from the low resistance side as the high resistance side absorbs the EMF from the pulse - similar to a snubber resistor. 

3. Transceiver

The transmitter is the centre coil
The receiver is the primary coil on the transformers.
The receiver coils are alternatively counterwound, flipped and wired inside-inside, outside-outside, in its own closed loop.

4. Step-down Transformer

The primary is the primary transformer winding
The secondary is the output coil and is the secondary transformer winding
The load for this transformer is both external, AND the Step-up Transformer.

................................................................

The goal is to have the receiver coils superposition both CW and CCW generated magnetic fields, at the exact same time as the 'ignition coil' peaks. When in superposition, equilibrium breaks down or rather, is momentarily locked up as it tried to reconcile and bring two magnetic fields of the same polarity, but opposite spin, into equilibrium within the one coil. From experience doing this with magnets, you need at least 30Hz (1800rpm) and 80-100V induced voltage to get magnetic fields to start overlaying themselves onto the one coil.

The 'ignition coil' composed of inner and outer coils is counterwound and following the right hand rule, anything between the two will feel a magnetic 'turning' from the current flow. The inner coil will be twisting down, while the outer coil will be twisting up.

The 'magic' happens when equilibrium is momentarily and quite literally flipped upside down as a result. 

The self sustaining part occurs because there is a draw or vacuum from the step-up transformer secondary, and if I get timing right, a push or pressure from the primary of the step-down tranformer at the same time. The output coil is effectively experiencing pushing and pulling at the same time.

I believe the output would be pulsed DC.
................................................................

To start this device , I am fairly confident the output coil needs a dummy load to allow a magnetic field to be initially induced, and at the same time a pulse applied to the outer winding.

The four wires shown on the historical photo's - I believe two are for the outer winding / ignition coil startup, with the other two as the ouptut.


More to come...

[Verpies]

Hey Verpies - absolutely not, we both know who has more technical, scientific and experimental knowledge...

That should not matter.  The substance of the argument is what matters.

You still should compare how the steel tubing performs vs. paramagnetic or diamagnetic tubing.
There is no substitute for experiencing it yourself and showing everyone here the difference in their performance.

...re-rolling the primaries onto plastic tube

Ceramic or glass tubes for carcasses would be better if you encounter high temperatures because plastic tubes will just soften or melt.

Are you going to put a bundle of enameled iron wires inside these tubes to increase the magnetic permeability ?

The four wires shown on the historical photo's - I believe two are for the outer winding / ignition coil startup, with the other two as the ouptut.

In that historical sketch, I see four cables, not four wires.
A cable is a group of wires in a common jacket.

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I see fine wire winding covered with tape on the outer coil and coarse windings on the satellite transformers (or tape).
Also, I see ends of a bundle of wires sticking out of the bore of the center coil and maybe the ends of a bundle of thinner wires sticking out of the bores of the satellite transformers  ...but I am not sure about the latter - could be just scanning noise.  If I am wrong about this then the satellite transformers are air-cored.

[unimmortal]

The wires/cables are a sticking point for now. Without doubt, if you had this device running, you would absolutely want a way to turn it off. So we may be seeing something that requires a simple dpdt switch on the end.

Plastic will do for now - testing resonances / coil ratio's and observing frequencies interacting on the scope from a 5V signal generator is enough to get data for next steps.

[Verpies]

There is still the issue of the end plates.
They could've been metal or Bakelite.  If "metal" then it would matter whether this is a ferromagnetic metal, or not, and whether these plates touch the ends of the coils or leave an air-gap.  You have to be open to all of these eventualities and you will have a fighting chance.

I am purposely not criticizing your proposed Modus Operandi because it is against Pt.2 of this forum's rules and there is nothing in it that has already been unequivocally disproven.

I don't understand what you mean by the magnetic field "turning" or "twisting".  Maybe you mean this ?:
https://youtu.be/uQ5w4_0S2l4?t=142
https://youtu.be/lTPg0kLSRRY?t=44

You still owe me the flux diagram of this device, though.


P.S.
Anytime when you make windings with an odd number of layers, remember about this effect.

[unimmortal]

I am purposely not criticizing your proposed Modus Operandi because it is against Pt.2 of this forum's rules and there is nothing in it that has already been unequivocally disproven.

I appreciate that. At the very least I hope I've broken the device down into components that are more commonly understood, and thus can become discussion points...  ie. Transformer and RF theory.

I don't understand what you mean by the magnetic field "turning" or "twisting".  Maybe you mean this ?:
https://youtu.be/uQ5w4_0S2l4?t=142

You still owe me the flux diagram of this device, though.

Your question prompted a bit more deep thinking on the flux/magnetic side of things, and with a complete view on how the electrical may work, the magnetic is starting to properly come into view.... I'll get a diagram drawn up over the weekend, but in short, I think Hubbard flipped the equilibric magnetic field on each of the 8 transformer primaries, and kept it flipped. 

A little difficult to explain at this stage, and speculative, but consider the centre coil being a N/S magnetic field, the satellites magnetic field would become the same? or opposite? - material in the core of the satellites to store the magnetic component may come in to play here.

With the condition put around the satellites (inner/outer coil HF pulse and CW/CCW superposition over the coil), I think this may be used to force the primaries to flip polarity and counter the normal behaviour and influence of the centre coil. Whether that effect is enhanced or supported by the endplates I don't know yet, but I have a feeling it will. As the centre coil transitions to S/N, the satellites then respond, but that response would then always be opposite to equilibrium.

[Verpies]

Solid metallic plates will have strong eddy currents induced in them and these currents will tend to freeze whatever flux penetrates them.  'Freeze" as in "oppose any changes".
The smaller the resistance of these plates, the longer this "freezing" lasts.  If their resistance became zero (unrealistic in 1920), the flux freezing would last forever and would affect constant magnetic flux as well as pulsating and alternating flux.  The lowest resistance materials they had in 1920 was silver followed by copper then aluminum then brass then zinc then steel.  You have to make a decision when formulating your MO, whether you want that pulsating or alternating magnetic flux generated by the coils/transformers, to be opposed and frozen by the end plates.

If you look at the old photo from 1920 (not the sketch) you can see that the end plates are very dark.  This observation increases the probability that they are not metallic at all but e.g. Bakelite  ...however this does not constitute a proof since metals can be painted dark and steel/iron can be oxidized/blued/pickled/phosphated, etc...

[Verpies]

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