The Hubbard Coil

[andy]

Hello,
this is how I would put together my view of Mr. Hubbard's device from information from various sources.

On this website  https://gratisenergi.se/hubbard.htm  they write, „ Alfred Hubbard. At Portage Bay on Lake Union, Seattle, Washington in America, Alfred Hubbard, an acquaintance of Nikola Tesla, demonstrated in 1919 a self-powered electricity generator design.  „

An open magnetic circuit (huge magnetic leakage losses) and excitation with up to 11.25kVDC pulses would indicate that it was not "classical induction" (like may be a Figuera or Coutier or other 50/60Hz machines), but rather something else, more Tesla work. In my opinion.

T. Bearden claimed that MEG did not work on the "standard induction principle", the entire magnetic flux of the permanent magnet was to be enclosed in the core, this effect was to expose the "A field" around the device, and steep pulses were to allow the "A field energy" to be drawn directly into the secondary circuit through the secondary winding in the form of usable energy. ,,, kind of like that,

Hubbard may have known Tesla's work firsthand.?

At that time, pure iron was the common material used for cores, a solid rod, one that was not magnetized alternatingly. Multiple wires of pure iron inside a central core means lamination, that is, an alternating current core.

Interestingly, Hubbard apparently modulated high-frequency pulses, with which he induced a high current in the secondary "on a lower frequency carrier wave" when he powered the motor?

The 8 pole switch could switch 8 satellites = primaries sequentially or simultaneously, the 4 wires inside would indicate that simultaneously, thus it could increase the frequency of the excitation pulses 8 times. Perhaps it created a rotating or pulsating magnetic field with specific parameters that drew energy into the secondary line?

Various patents use PM or some other method of "pre-magnetizing" the excitation cores, perhaps the package with a coil of weak wire most likely powered by low DC was supposed to excite the exciters into the B-H region of fast response to the main excitation pulse?

If Hubbard powered a motor with an output of about 25 kW with his "coil", the cross-sections of the winding wire had to correspond to the current load.

Hi annomally,
your idea about A field and premagnetization is very interesting. So main goal would be to produce and capture A field? But if there is big magnetic leakage then the A field would not be separated from it. Is it possible to capture A field despite this fact?

A.

[annomally]

unimmortal,
yes, it makes you think. Is your approach to the Hubbard coil resonant at the level of length ratios, something like that? This principle is difficult for me to understand. I apologize if I am inappropriately interfering with your topic with my ideas.

I searched for information in articles. The only thing I achieved is that I think that the Hubbard Coil is very reminiscent of N.Tesla and his car. I did not find a single mention of the excitation circuit, only that he started the coil and it could run for years. This is completely different from the texts of those who tried to build a Hubbard coil. Of course, it can be viewed as wanting to find an amplifying effect with external excitation, covering losses and in case of success they could proceed to cycling the device.

Perhaps the whole thing could have been an RLC cell with a very low intrinsic R, C could have been a parasitic capacitance. Very little energy was needed for self-propulsion, which would have been supplied by constant oscillation after starting, and with the connected load the consumption increased and at the same time the excitation. Which is actually one of the conditions of other motionless generators, even those that we "externally supply".

In my opinion, such a circuit should contain three parts. At least from the point of view of magnetic induction. The excitation part creates a magnetic flux, the excited part converts the magnetic flux into electrical energy and the feedback part, which oscillates with the excited part and powers the excitation part, and where we connect an external load, in fact we extend the feedback part with an external load. After starting, the starter battery is disconnected. The device always has at least such a load (it can be its own internal, inductance, resistance, capacitance) to send the energy needed to cover its own losses to the excitation circuit.
The winding has, according to the description, very low resistance. Energy transfers can take place via wires or magnetically or both.

I believe that the various devices are functional, even if I can't explain them.


Verpies:
Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) , What do You mean? Polarization by DC pulz and Depolarization when DC off and magnetic field collapse? The waveform of E and current are not sinusoidal, but going throw zero? 

I don't have a clear view of a magnetic circuit with minimal air gaps that is excited by DC pulses. The magnetic flux rises and falls, so an AC voltage will be induced in the secondary core, probably not sinusoidal, and the current may be distorted by the properties of the load or the core material?

"near-field principles" I'll have to look this up. I don't think I've had the coils too close yet, side by side.  I haven't tried the Hubbard coil.

In the case of an induction circuit, I would draw magnetic lines from the satellites to the central core. Even though there are large air gaps, could something happen with DC pulses, a pulse that would induce a very short peak of say 50A to 100A into a very low resistance and impedance? But I think this direction would lead me to a different type of device.

But actually I landed back on earth and now I don't know.

[Verpies]

Verpies:
Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) , What do You mean? 

PDC = Pulsating DC.
This type of current does not change direction (does not alternate) but changes its magnitude.

---

In the case of an induction circuit, I would draw magnetic lines from the satellites to the central core. Even though there are large air gaps,

Yes, magnetic flux can cross air-gaps and it can affect charges located in these air-gaps ...and after it crosses an air-gap and enters the central core from one end, how does it form a closed loop ?

...could something happen with DC pulses, a pulse that would induce a very short peak of say 50A to 100A into a very low resistance and impedance?

You could do that if your goal is to induce pulsed electric current in a transformer-like fashion - is this your goal ?
FYI: DC pulses have another unique property that the magnetic flux generated by them does not reverse direction.

[Verpies]

Attached is a vertical cross-section parallel to and coincident with the axis of the Hubbard device (minus the outer coil).
Open it in an image editor and hand-draw the magnetic flux lines generated by direct current flowing in the visible windings.

Remember that every flux line must form a closed loop and these lines can never cross each other.

[unimmortal]

Hey Annomally, in short yes. Wavelength is everything. I realised a while ago that moving a magnet past a coil is going to make that coil resonate at its natural wavelength being the length of wire. Using that, the centre coil is a 1/2 or 1/4 or even an 1/8 of the satellite coils wiring length... all to be determined. 

- For the pulse motor builders: match your wire length/wavelength to the frequency of rotation of the magnets, and make resonant with a capacitor. Introduce counter wound output coils and an isolation transformer and you have power.

Inducing the satellite primaries with inner and outer coils, the satellites become 'potential' but with no orientation as we are forcing CW and CCW spin, from opposite polarities into a single coil. This 'deadlock' is broken when the outer/inner/primary coils are aligned to 'peak' with their combination of frequencies. The magic happens when this peak occurs and creates a magnetic field in opposition to the centre coil. At this stage that implies I'll be using metal endplates.

Coincedentally, the link you posted above talks about generating 85V for the small model isolated in a safe while illuminating globes - this 85V is about what you need oscillating in the satellite primaries for CW/CCW fields to 'co-exist' in the one coil.

I'm going to pause on this as I need to build up my Axial Adams again with new learnings, as I need a high enough output to test with, but I am loathe to do this with a variac and mains power.

[Verpies]

- For the pulse motor builders: match your wire length/wavelength to the frequency of rotation of the magnets, and make resonant with a capacitor.

That does not compute.
For a motor that spins at 10 000 rpm the cycle time is 6ms.

The wavelength of an electric pulse propagating in 6ms along a transmission line formed by a typical magnet wire and its distributed inter-turn capacitance is 900km (and that's assuming 0.5 V.F. which is optimistic).

Attaching a capacitor at the end of a transmission line does not change its wavelength nor round-trip reflection delay.

[unimmortal]

- For the pulse motor builders: match your wire length/wavelength to the frequency of rotation of the magnets, and make resonant with a capacitor.

That does not compute.

This might make more sense...

If a coil of say awg24, 100 Metres in length is wound into a coil. It will have a natural resonance dictated by its wire length (and core). The pulse motor will hit that coil at a certain frequency, say 30Hz/1800rpm. Put a capacitor in parallel with your coil for whatever frequency you want resonance to occur - and ideally that frequency you pick will work constructively with your rotational frequency. If using two coils, wire CW output over one and join it to CCW over the second and output that to a transformer.

[Verpies]

If a coil of say awg24, 100 Metres in length is wound into a coil. It will have a natural resonance dictated by its wire length (and core).

An electric pulse will propagate in straight 100m piece of wire in 333ns. 
In a coiled wire this will take 30-50% longer, i.e.: 666ns and upon reflection it will support a 750kHz standing wave.
There is no way the cycle of your motor can be that short.

Lumped LC resonance frequency can be made be lower but it will not be determined by the length of the wire. The L and C in the f=1/2π√(LC) relation are lumped model variables.
The lumped model analytically presupposes that the current is uniformly distributed along the wire in the coil, thus the length of the wire has no meaning in it.

You are confusing the lumped capacitance and inductance model of a coil with the distributed model of the same.
Tesla coil builders have figured that out a long time ago.  Read this.

Do yourself a favor and spend 100 bucks on NanoVNA before you waste inordinate amount of time and money following a misunderstanding.

[annomally]

Here I have drawn my ideas and at the same time I am adding a picture from FEMM. After watching several tutorials I decided to try it. FEMM calculates a different magnetic flux strength in a solitary electromagnet on an I core than the values provided by the calculation based on the slenderness of the core and everything changes as other cores approach. I think.


I'm going to focus on magnetic induction on laminated iron cores. I believe I have something to catch there.

[Verpies]

Here I have drawn my ideas and at the same time I am adding a picture from FEMM. 

Very good.  Your work correctly depicts the magnetic flux distribution without and with the ferromagnetic end plates. If only unimmortal could be bothered to do this, too.
Pay special attention to the horizontal lines of flux appearing between the satellite coils and the central coil, when the end plates are absent or non-ferromagnetic.

Unfortunately, FEMM cannot show you how this flux moves when the satellite coils are energized sequentially ( individually ...or in pairs - as you have shown in your FEMM sim ) because FEMM is only a 2D simulator.